🔌 Signal & ADC Converter

Convert ADC values to voltages, calculate PWM duty cycles, and convert between frequency and period.

bit
V
counts
Voltage = 2.5024 V · Resolution = 4.888 mV/count · Maximum Value = 1023

V = raw × Vref / (2ⁿ − 1)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is ADC resolution?

ADC resolution is the voltage represented by 1 LSB (least significant bit). For a 10-bit ADC with a 5V reference: 5V / 1023 ≈ 4.89 mV per count.

Can PWM produce a real analog voltage?

PWM approximates analog output using a digital signal. Adding an RC low-pass filter converts the PWM signal into a smooth analog voltage.