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How to Read Resistor Color Codes: 4-Band and 5-Band
4 min read · Last updated: 2026-05-08
What are resistor color codes?
Small resistors use colored bands instead of printed numbers to indicate their value. The 4-band and 5-band (or 6-band) systems are most common.
Color code table
| Color | Digit | Multiplier | Tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Black | 0 | ×1 | — |
| Brown | 1 | ×10 | ±1% |
| Red | 2 | ×100 | ±2% |
| Orange | 3 | ×1k | — |
| Yellow | 4 | ×10k | — |
| Green | 5 | ×100k | ±0.5% |
| Blue | 6 | ×1M | ±0.25% |
| Violet | 7 | ×10M | ±0.1% |
| Gray | 8 | ×100M | ±0.05% |
| White | 9 | ×1G | — |
| Gold | — | ×0.1 | ±5% |
| Silver | — | ×0.01 | ±10% |
Reading a 4-band resistor
Band 1, 2: significant digits (tens, units)
Band 3: multiplier
Band 4: tolerance
Example: Yellow–Violet–Red–Gold = 4, 7, ×100, ±5% = 4,700 Ω ±5%
Reading a 5-band resistor (precision)
Band 1, 2, 3: significant digits (hundreds, tens, units)
Band 4: multiplier
Band 5: tolerance
Example: Brown–Black–Black–Red–Brown = 1, 0, 0, ×100, ±1% = 10,000 Ω (10 kΩ) ±1%
How to determine reading direction
- The tolerance band (gold or silver) is always the last band — read from the opposite end.
- The band with the wider gap to its neighbor is on the right (last).
- Gold and silver are never used as the first band.
Key takeaways
- 4-band: (D1×10 + D2) × multiplier ± tolerance
- 5-band: (D1×100 + D2×10 + D3) × multiplier ± tolerance
- Gold band = ±5%, Silver band = ±10% tolerance